Guhitamo neza polipropilene (PP) kumusarani wumwana cyangwa wabana ntabwo ari icyemezo gikomoka gusa - ni igihe kirekire kandi cyiyemeje kubahiriza kigaragara mugupimisha ibitonyanga, guhanagura inzinguzingo, no mububiko bwubugenzuzi. Niba warigeze kureba icyumba gikonje gitonyanga ikindi kintu cyiza, uzi impamvu ingaruka zubushyuhe buke ninyenyeri yo mumajyaruguru kuriki cyiciro. Aka gatabo gahindura uko kuri muburyo bwo guhitamo no kugenzura ushobora gukoresha hamwe nabatanga na laboratoire.
Ibyingenzi
Koresha raporo zindi zitatu zihari nkumugongo wubahiriza, hanyuma ubishushanye kuri CPSIA / ASTM na EN 71 3 kugirango wemeze intera nicyuho.
Ingaruka nziza copolymer PP amanota ya sub zeru gukomera; shiraho intego zo kwemererwa neza kuri -10 ° C ukoresheje ISO 179 / ASTM D256 hanyuma ukusanya ibizamini byo guta igice.
Garagaza imiti irwanya ASTM D543 hamwe no guhagarika umutima hamwe na ISO 22088; reba ikizamini nyuma yo kwerekana kwemeza isi isuku.
Kuzamura impande zinyuze mubishushanyo mbonera byo gukora: urukuta rumwe, igipimo cyimbavu gikwiye, radiyo itanga, hamwe no kugenzura umurongo.
Funga ubuziranenge hamwe nakazi kateguwe (prototype → EVT / DVT → PPAP / PVT) hamwe nubugenzuzi bwiteguye gutanga ibyashizweho.
Gushushanya ikarita hamwe na raporo yundi muntu
Iyo ibyingenzi ari "koresha raporo yikimenyetso cya gatatu kiriho," akazi kawe ni uguhindura ibimenyetso no kwerekana icyuho vuba. Shyira amakarita yawe ku nkingi eshatu:
CPSIA ya chimie mubicuruzwa byabana. Amategeko ateganijwe muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika ntarengwa 100 ppm kubicuruzwa byabana, kandi isasu ryo gusiga amarangi / gutwikirwa ryashyizwe kuri 90 ppm - reba umutungo wubuyobozi muri CPSC Yuzuye Ibirimo Ibibazo hamwe ninyandiko y'amategeko kuri eCFR 16 CFR Igice cya 1303: Isonga mu Irangi.
EN 71 3 (EU / UK) kwimuka ryibintu bimwe biva mubikinisho. Koresha raporo yemewe ya laboratoire yerekana Icyiciro I - III nurutonde rwibisubizo kuri buri kintu. Kubijyanye no kuvugurura, reba TÜV ya EN 71 3: 2019 + A1: 2021.
FDA 21 CFR 177.1520 (igipimo cy'isuku ku bushake). Nubwo atari itegeko ku musarani utari ibiryo, ibirango byinshi bikunda guhuza ibiryo PP kubutaka no guhura namazi. Emeza ubwoko bwa polymer bwemewe / inyongeramusaruro hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvoma muri FDA itaziguye yinyongera ya polypropilene.
Nigute ushobora gusoma raporo neza:
Emeza icyitegererezo gisobanura guhuza umusaruro ugamije amabara hamwe na masterbatches.
Kugenzura ibyemezo bya laboratoire, raporo y'indangamuntu, amatariki y'ibizamini, hamwe nibisanzwe.
Menyako icyuho cyagaragaye (urugero, EN 71 3 Icyiciro cyageragejwe, ubugari bwa CPSIA phthalate ubugari) hamwe na gahunda yo gukosora mbere ya DVT.
Guhitamo amanota ya PP kumurongo wigihe kirekire wumwiherero wumwana
Ingaruka yubushyuhe buke nugukora cyangwa kumena imitungo kuriki cyiciro. Homopolymer PP irakomeye ariko ikunda guhinduka hafi yo gukonja. Ingaruka ya copolymer PP (ICP) ikwirakwiza icyiciro cya rubberi gikomeza gukomera kuri 0 kugeza kuri 20 ° C. Ubucuruzi buroroshye: ICP yo kurwanya ibitonyanga, ihujwe na geometrie no gutunganya kugirango igumane ubukana buhagije ku ntebe zicaro, ibikombe, n'imbavu zubatswe.
Homo vs ingaruka za copolymer nintego
Tekereza homopolymer nkumutegetsi wawe ugororotse - ukomeye kandi mwiza - mugihe ICP ari yo ikurura ibintu. Kubice byateranijwe, ntukishingikirize kumibare yubushyuhe bwicyumba. Shiraho intego zifatika zo kugenzura mubihe bikonje:
Notched Charpy ISO 179 kuri -10 ° C: 6-10 kJ / m² ku byapa bibumbabumbwe, byatoranijwe kurwego hamwe nurukuta / imbavu.
Ikusanyirizo ryamanutse kuri -10 ° C: ibyerekezo bitatu (gukubita rim, inguni, igorofa) × ibitonyanga bitatu buri kimwe kuva ~ 1.0 m kuri beto; nta gucamo cyangwa hinge / kunanirwa kwa shobuja.
Ibipimo nyabyo byisi: amanota ya heterophasic ICP akenshi atangaza sub zeru zanditseho Charpy indangagaciro mumibare yabo. Koresha iyo mibare kugirango ushireho ibiteganijwe, hanyuma wemeze imikorere hamwe nibyapa byawe byabumbwe hamwe nibice byegeranye.
Ihitamo rya PP | Ibyiza | Ibibi | Imikoreshereze isanzwe |
Homopolymer PP (HPP) | Gukomera cyane, gloss nziza, igiciro gito | Kumeneka hafi 0 ° C, ntiworoshye | Ibifuniko bitubatswe, ibikoresho |
Ingaruka Copolymer PP (ICP) | Birakomeye kuri sub zeru temps, ibyiza birwanya kugabanuka | Hasi gahoro gahoro, birashoboka ko warp niba idakonje kimwe | Intebe zicaro, ibikombe, umutwaro utwara ibishishwa |
ICP + nucleator | Inzira yihuta, itunganijwe neza | Urashobora gucuruza ingaruka zimwe iyo zirenze urugero | Ibice bito byurukuta bikeneye kuringaniza |
ICP hamwe nimpinduka | Gukomera birenze ubukonje | Igiciro / kugenzura inyongera; Kugenzura DoC | Urunigi rukonje cyangwa imbeho ukoreshe SKUs |
Kugenzura ubwubatsi: ingaruka, kurwanya imiti, na ESC
Kwuzuza impapuro ntibishobora kurokoka imbavu cyangwa umutware wasaze. Garagaza imikorere hamwe na matrise yoroheje, yororoka:
Ingaruka zikomeye
Uburyo: ISO 179 (noted Charpy) cyangwa ASTM D256 (Izod) kuri 23 ° C na -10 ° C kuri plaque ibumba uhereye kubikoresho bigamije gukora / gutunganya Windows.
Kwakirwa: -10 ° C byagaragaye ingaruka ≥ byatoranijwe kurenga (6-10 kJ / m²) hamwe no guteranya ibizamini byamanutse bidafite ibice.
Kurwanya imiti (isuku / disinfectants)
Uburyo: kwibiza ASTM D543 cyangwa guhanagura ukoresheje ibikoresho byawe byangiza / byangiza (urugero, quats, peroxide, bleach bleach). Kugaragaza kwibanda, ubushyuhe, nigihe; gupima misa / ibipimo bihinduka hamwe ningaruka zo kugerageza.
Kwakira: ≥80% kugumana imbaraga zingaruka no kugenzura; nta kubyimba cyangwa kwera birenze kwisiga.
Kurwanya ibidukikije (ESC)
Uburyo: ISO 22088 munsi yunamye / tensile hamwe na 1-2% ya surfactant kuri 23 ° C na 40 ° C. Andika igihe cyo kubanza gucamo na F50.
Kwakirwa: Ntakigaragara kigaragara kuri 10 × gukuza mugihe cyibizamini; intego F50 ≥ 24–72 h bitewe nibisabwa amanota hamwe na geometrie ikomeye.
Kugenzura ukuri kwa Bonus: Nyuma yimiti / ESC ihuye, subiramo -10 ° C ingaruka kuri coupons hamwe nigitonyanga kimwe. Nuburyo ufata impungenge zera zihinduka kuwa gatandatu mugitondo.
DfM izamura ibipimo byo gutsinda ibipimo
Ubushyuhe buke butangirana no guhitamo amanota, ariko geometrie ifunga margin.
Ubunini bw'urukuta: Komeza kuba umwe. Kuri PP, urukuta rw'izina rugera kuri mm 0,6-3.8 akenshi rukora neza; irinde ibice byinshi> mm 5 zifata ubushyuhe na stress.
Urubavu rukomeza rutarinze kurema inkono: Ingano yimbavu kuri ~ 50-70% yurukuta rwizina, uburebure ≤3 × urukuta, kandi rutanga radiyo itanga umusingi (~ 0.25 × urukuta).
Radii na fillets: Intego ya ≥0.5 × urukuta ku mfuruka y'imbere no kuvanga imbavu zihuza; ibi bigabanya ibyiyumvo byerekana mubitonyanga bikonje.
Ingamba z'irembo n'imirongo yo gusudira: Shyira amarembo kugirango umurongo wo gusudira utarenga imitwaro iremereye; koresha amarembo menshi yuzuye cyangwa umufana / amarembo. Kwemeza hamwe no gusesengura ibintu hanyuma wemeze gusenya ubugenzuzi nyuma yo kugerageza ibitonyanga.
Gukonjesha no gutunganya Windows: Kuringaniza imiyoboro ikonjesha hamwe nudupapuro twanditse / gufata kugabanya ibyuho no hejuru yo gupakira mu mfuruka. Kurikirana ubushyuhe bwa melt / mold hamwe numuvuduko wo guterwa kuri datasheet yicyiciro mugihe cyo kugenzura.
Kugerageza ibikorwa byakazi hamwe namarembo yakirwa kuva prototype kugeza umusaruro mwinshi
Prototype (T0 - T1)
Icyapa kibumbabumbwe hamwe na geometrike ihambaye mu byiciro bya 2-3 ICP hamwe na flux zitandukanye (MFR). Gushiraho ibyingenzi ISO 179 / ASTM D256 kuri 23 ° C na -10 ° C; koresha byihuse D543 ecran hamwe nibisukura.
Ubwubatsi bwubaka (EVT / DVT)
Shyira mu bikorwa imbavu / radiyo / gusudira umurongo; koresha ISO 22088 ESC hamwe na surfactants zijyanye no gukoresha imbaraga. Kora igiteranyo -10 ° C igeragezwa ryerekanwa. Iterate itunganyirize Windows no gutambuka nkuko bikenewe.
PPAP / PVT no gutangiza
Funga ibyangombwa bitanga isoko (DoC, CoA, SVHC / DoP, igice cya gatatu EN 71 3 / Indangamuntu ya CPSIA). Emeza urugero rwamabara. Hagarika ibipimo byo kwemererwa hamwe na AQL yinjira hamwe na -10 ° C igenzura ingaruka kuri coupons zabumbwe.
Urugero ruto rwa micro (marike umutekano)
Dore uko inyandiko itanga isoko ishobora gushushanywa nta mpuha. Dufate ko uwaguhaye isoko atanga raporo yundi muntu ikubiyemo EN 71 3 (hamwe na Category yavuzwe), CPSIA yose hamwe na phalite, hamwe nibiryo byokurya PP byamenyeshejwe na FDA 21 CFR 177.1520. Wabikora:
Kugenzura indangamuntu ya raporo, izina rya laboratoire yemewe, n'itariki; guhuza icyitegererezo cy'ibara / masterbatch na byinshi.
Crosswalk EN 71 3 ibisubizo kurwego rukwiye kandi ugenzure ibintu bifite imipaka migari ya margin.
Emeza CPSIA: icyerekezo cyose ≤100 ppm hamwe no gusiga irangi / gutwika ≤ 90 ppm aho bishoboka; genzura paneli yuzuye (≤0.1%).
Niba ibiryo byatanzwe na PP imenyekanisha ryatanzwe, genzura uburyo bwo kuvoma bujyanye na 7177.1520 kandi ibyo byongeweho bivuga ibice bikwiye.
Ni ayahe masoko agomba gusaba kumunsi wambere
Itangazo ryubahirizwa (igipimo cyibicuruzwa byabana): EN 71 3 Icyiciro cyavuzwe; CPSIA ikwirakwizwa kubayobora hamwe na phthalate ihoraho; ibara / masterbatch DoC.
Raporo y’abandi bantu: EN 71 3 (urutonde rwibintu byuzuye hamwe nibice), CPSIA (kuyobora / phthalates) hamwe nindangamuntu ya raporo, amazina ya laboratoire, amatariki, nibisobanuro by'icyitegererezo; icyaricyo cyose FDA 21 CFR 177.1520 imenyekanisha ryamanota ya PP.
Ibikoresho no gukurikiranwa: Indangamuntu ya PP (homopolymer na ICP), SDS, REACH SVHC itangazo, icyiciro CoA, inyandiko zerekana (MFR, Windows itunganya), no muri protocole y'ibizamini byo munzu / ibisubizo byingaruka, D543, na ISO 22088.
Ibyerekeye imiterere
Imipaka ya chimie yo muri Amerika: CPSC Yuzuye Ibirimo Ibibazo (ibicuruzwa byabana, 100 ppm); eCFR 16 CFR Igice 1303 (kiyobora irangi, 90 ppm).
Kwimuka kw'ibikinisho bya EU / UK: TÜV incamake ya EN 71 3: 2019 + A1: 2021.
FDA ibiryo bihuza PP: FDA inyongera itaziguye yinjira kuri polypropilene.
